How Calculators Are Built
Every calculator on AutoimmuneCalc is built from the primary publication of its criteria or instrument. Scoring weights and thresholds are taken from that source. Where the source is ambiguous or silent, the calculator page states our interpretation under limitations, and where a severity band or response threshold comes from a later study, that study is cited on the page. Sensitivity and specificity statistics are those reported by the original authors. The citations below were last updated October 9, 2026, and each calculator page also lists its own sources.
If you identify a discrepancy between a calculator and its source paper, please report it via the contact page. We review every report and correct errors we confirm.
Connective Tissue & Autoimmune Disease
Rheumatoid Arthritis - calc-ra.html
Aletaha D, et al. 2010 Rheumatoid Arthritis Classification Criteria: An American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism Collaborative Initiative. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62(9):2569-2581.
doi:10.1002/art.27584 ↗
SLE / Lupus - calc-sle.html
Aringer M, et al. 2019 European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology Classification Criteria for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019;71(9):1400-1412.
doi:10.1002/art.40930 ↗
Sjogren's Syndrome - calc-sjogrens.html
Shiboski CH, et al. 2016 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism Classification Criteria for Primary Sjogren's Syndrome. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017;69(1):35-45.
doi:10.1002/art.39859 ↗
Systemic Sclerosis - calc-ssc.html
van den Hoogen F, et al. 2013 Classification Criteria for Systemic Sclerosis: An ACR/EULAR Collaborative Initiative. Arthritis Rheum. 2013;65(11):2737-2747.
doi:10.1002/art.38098 ↗
Inflammatory Myositis - calc-myositis.html
Lundberg IE, et al. 2017 European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology Classification Criteria for Adult and Juvenile Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76(12):1955-1964.
doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-211468 ↗
IgG4-Related Disease - calc-igg4.html
Wallace ZS, et al. The 2019 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism Classification Criteria for IgG4-Related Disease. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020;79(1):77-87.
doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-216561 ↗
Spondyloarthritis
Psoriatic Arthritis - calc-psa.html
Taylor W, et al. Classification Criteria for Psoriatic Arthritis: Development of New Criteria from a Large International Study. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54(8):2665-2673.
doi:10.1002/art.21972 ↗
Axial Spondyloarthritis - calc-axspa.html
Rudwaleit M, et al. The Development of Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society Classification Criteria for Axial Spondyloarthritis (Part II). Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(6):777-783.
doi:10.1136/ard.2009.108233 ↗
Peripheral Spondyloarthritis - calc-peripheral-spa.html
Rudwaleit M, et al. The Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society Classification Criteria for Peripheral Spondyloarthritis and for Spondyloarthritis in General. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70(1):25-31.
doi:10.1136/ard.2010.147629 ↗
Crystal Arthropathy & Soft Tissue
Gout - calc-gout.html
Neogi T, et al. 2015 Gout Classification Criteria: An American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism Collaborative Initiative. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015;67(10):2557-2568.
doi:10.1002/art.39254 ↗
CPPD - calc-cppd.html
Abhishek A, Tedeschi SK, et al. The 2023 ACR/EULAR Classification Criteria for Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease. Ann Rheum Dis. 2023;82(12):1623-1634.
doi:10.1136/ard-2023-224762 ↗
Polymyalgia Rheumatica - calc-pmr.html
Dasgupta B, et al. 2012 Provisional Classification Criteria for Polymyalgia Rheumatica: A European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology Collaborative Initiative. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;71(4):484-492.
doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200329 ↗
Fibromyalgia 2010 - calc-fibro-2010.html
Wolfe F, et al. The American College of Rheumatology Preliminary Diagnostic Criteria for Fibromyalgia and Measurement of Symptom Severity. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2010;62(5):600-610.
doi:10.1002/acr.20140 ↗
Fibromyalgia 2016 Revised - calc-fibro-2016.html
Wolfe F, et al. 2016 Revisions to the 2010/2011 Fibromyalgia Diagnostic Criteria. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2016;46(3):319-329.
doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2016.08.012 ↗
Vasculitis - 2022 ACR/EULAR Suite
GPA (Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis) - calc-gpa.html
Robson JC, et al. 2022 American College of Rheumatology/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology Classification Criteria for Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2022;74(3):393-399.
doi:10.1002/art.42288 ↗
MPA (Microscopic Polyangiitis) - calc-mpa.html
Suppiah R, et al. 2022 American College of Rheumatology/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology Classification Criteria for Microscopic Polyangiitis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2022;74(3):400-406.
doi:10.1002/art.42287 ↗
EGPA (Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis) - calc-egpa.html
Grayson PC, et al. 2022 American College of Rheumatology/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology Classification Criteria for Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2022;74(3):386-392.
doi:10.1002/art.42244 ↗
Polyarteritis Nodosa - calc-pan.html
Grayson PC, et al. 2022 American College of Rheumatology/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology Classification Criteria for Polyarteritis Nodosa. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2022;74(10):1649-1656.
doi:10.1002/art.42274 ↗
Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis - calc-cryo-vasculitis.html
De Vita S, et al. 2022 American College of Rheumatology/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology Classification Criteria for Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2022;74(10):1650-1665.
doi:10.1002/art.42269 ↗
GCA (Giant Cell Arteritis) - calc-gca.html
Ponte C, et al. 2022 American College of Rheumatology/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology Classification Criteria for Giant Cell Arteritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2022;74(12):1881-1889.
doi:10.1002/art.42325 ↗
TAK (Takayasu Arteritis) - calc-tak.html
Grayson PC, et al. 2022 American College of Rheumatology/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology Classification Criteria for Takayasu Arteritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2022;74(12):1872-1880.
doi:10.1002/art.42324 ↗
Rheumatoid Arthritis: Activity and Function
DAS28-CRP and DAS28-ESR - calc-das28-crp.html, calc-das28-esr.html
Prevoo ML, van 't Hof MA, Kuper HH, et al. Modified disease activity scores that include twenty-eight-joint counts. Development and validation in a prospective longitudinal study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1995;38(1):44-48.
ACR/EULAR Boolean remission - calc-boolean-remission.html
Studenic P, Aletaha D, de Wit M, et al. American College of Rheumatology/EULAR remission criteria for rheumatoid arthritis: 2022 revision. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2023;75(1):15-22. Also Ann Rheum Dis. 2023;82(1):74-80.
doi:10.1002/art.42347 ↗
Felson DT, Smolen JS, Wells G, et al. American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism provisional definition of remission in rheumatoid arthritis for clinical trials. Arthritis Rheum. 2011;63(3):573-586.
doi:10.1002/art.30129 ↗
SDAI and CDAI - calc-sdai.html, calc-cdai.html
Smolen JS, Breedveld FC, Schiff MH, et al. A simplified disease activity index for rheumatoid arthritis for use in clinical practice. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2003;42(2):244-257.
Aletaha D, Smolen JS. The Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) and the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI): a review of their usefulness and validity in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2005;23(5 Suppl 39):S100-S108.
HAQ-DI - calc-haq.html
Fries JF, Spitz P, Kraines RG, Holman HR. Measurement of patient outcome in arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1980;23(2):137-145.
Bruce B, Fries JF. The Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire: dimensions and practical applications. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2003;1:20.
doi:10.1186/1477-7525-1-20 ↗
RAPID3 - calc-rapid3.html
Source citations for this instrument are listed on the calculator page.
Spondyloarthritis: Activity and Function
BASDAI - calc-basdai.html
Garrett S, Jenkinson T, Kennedy LG, et al. A new approach to defining disease status in ankylosing spondylitis: the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index. J Rheumatol. 1994;21(12):2286-2291.
BASFI - calc-basfi.html
Calin A, Garrett S, Whitelock H, et al. A new approach to defining functional ability in ankylosing spondylitis: the development of the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index. J Rheumatol. 1994;21(12):2281-2285.
ASDAS - calc-asdas.html
Lukas C, Landewe R, Sieper J, et al. Development of an ASAS-endorsed disease activity score (ASDAS) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(1):18-24.
DAPSA - calc-dapsa.html
Source citations for this instrument are listed on the calculator page.
Lupus: Activity, Remission, and Skin Disease
SLEDAI-2K - calc-sledai.html
Bombardier C, Gladman DD, Urowitz MB, et al. Derivation of the SLEDAI: a disease activity index for lupus patients. Arthritis Rheum. 1992;35(6):630-640.
Gladman DD, Ibanez D, Urowitz MB. Systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index 2000. J Rheumatol. 2002;29(2):288-291.
DORIS and LLDAS - calc-lupus-remission.html
van Vollenhoven RF, Bertsias G, Doria A, et al. 2021 DORIS definition of remission in SLE: final recommendations from an international task force. Lupus Sci Med. 2021;8:e000538.
doi:10.1136/lupus-2021-000538 ↗
Franklyn K, Lau CS, Navarra SV, et al. Definition and initial validation of a Lupus Low Disease Activity State (LLDAS). Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75(9):1615-1621.
Lupus Physician Global Assessment - calc-lupus-pga.html
Source citations for this instrument are listed on the calculator page.
CLASI - calc-clasi.html
Albrecht J, Taylor L, Berlin JA, et al. The CLASI (Cutaneous LE Disease Area and Severity Index): an outcome instrument for cutaneous lupus erythematosus. J Invest Dermatol. 2005;125(5):889-894.
doi:10.1111/j.0022-202X.2005.23889.x ↗
Klein R, Moghadam-Kia S, LoMonico J, et al. Development of the CLASI as a tool to measure disease severity and responsiveness to therapy in cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Arch Dermatol. 2011;147(2):203-208.
doi:10.1001/archdermatol.2010.435 ↗
Sjögren's Disease: Activity and Patient-Reported Index
ESSDAI - calc-essdai.html
Seror R, Ravaud P, Bowman SJ, et al. EULAR Sjogren's syndrome disease activity index: development of a consensus systemic disease activity index for primary Sjogren's syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69(6):1103-1109.
ESSPRI - calc-esspri.html
Seror R, Ravaud P, Mariette X, et al. EULAR Sjogren's syndrome patient reported index (ESSPRI): development of a consensus patient index for primary Sjogren's syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70(6):968-972.
Systemic Sclerosis: Skin and Organ Damage
mRSS - calc-mrss.html
Clements PJ, Lachenbruch PA, Seibold JR, et al. Skin thickness score in systemic sclerosis: an assessment of interobserver variability in 3 independent studies. J Rheumatol. 1993;20(11):1892-1896.
Khanna D, Furst DE, Clements PJ, et al. Standardization of the modified Rodnan skin score for use in clinical trials of systemic sclerosis. J Scleroderma Relat Disord. 2017;2(1):11-18.
doi:10.5301/jsrd.5000231 ↗
SCTC-DI - calc-sctc-di.html
Ferdowsi N, Huq M, Stevens W, et al. Development and validation of the Scleroderma Clinical Trials Consortium Damage Index (SCTC-DI): a novel instrument to quantify organ damage in systemic sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2019;78(6):807-816.
doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214764 ↗
Myositis: Strength and Global Assessment
MMT-8, MDGA and PDGA - calc-mmt8.html, calc-mdga.html
Miller FW, Rider LG, Chung YL, et al. Proposed preliminary core set measures for disease outcome assessment in adult and juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2001;40(11):1262-1273.
Rider LG, Giannini EH, Brunner HI, et al. International consensus on preliminary definitions of improvement in adult and juvenile myositis. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50(7):2281-2290.
Vasculitis: Prognosis and Damage
Five Factor Score - calc-ffs.html
Guillevin L, Lhote F, Gayraud M, et al. Prognostic factors in polyarteritis nodosa and Churg-Strauss syndrome: a prospective study in 342 patients. Medicine (Baltimore). 1996;75(1):17-28.
Guillevin L, Pagnoux C, Seror R, et al. The Five-Factor Score revisited: assessment of prognoses of systemic necrotizing vasculitides based on the French Vasculitis Study Group (FVSG) cohort. Medicine (Baltimore). 2011;90(1):19-27.
Vasculitis Damage Index - calc-vdi.html
Exley AR, Bacon PA, Luqmani RA, et al. Development and initial validation of the Vasculitis Damage Index for the standardized clinical assessment of damage in the systemic vasculitides. Arthritis Rheum. 1997;40(2):371-380.
IgG4-Related Disease: Activity
IgG4-RD Responder Index - calc-igg4-ri.html
Wallace ZS, Khosroshahi A, Carruthers MD, et al. An international multispecialty validation study of the IgG4-related disease responder index. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2018;70(11):1671-1678.
doi:10.1002/acr.23543 ↗
Carruthers MN, Stone JH, Deshpande V, Khosroshahi A. Development of an IgG4-RD Responder Index. Int J Rheumatol. 2012;2012:259408.
doi:10.1155/2012/259408 ↗
Thyroid Eye Disease
Thyroid Eye Disease: CAS and EUGOGO severity - calc-ted-cas.html
Bartalena L, Kahaly GJ, Baldeschi L, et al. The 2021 European Group on Graves' orbitopathy (EUGOGO) clinical practice guidelines for the medical management of Graves' orbitopathy. Eur J Endocrinol. 2021;185(4):G43-G67.
doi:10.1530/EJE-21-0479 ↗
Dickinson AJ, Perros P. Controversies in the clinical evaluation of active thyroid-associated orbitopathy: use of a detailed protocol with comparative photographs for objective assessment. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2001;55(3):283-303.
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.2001.01349.x ↗
Mourits MP, Koornneef L, Wiersinga WM, et al. Clinical criteria for the assessment of disease activity in Graves' ophthalmopathy: a novel approach. Br J Ophthalmol. 1989;73(8):639-644.
doi:10.1136/bjo.73.8.639 ↗
Antiphospholipid Syndrome
APS classification criteria (2023 ACR/EULAR) - calc-aps.html
Barbhaiya M, Zuily S, Naden R, et al. 2023 ACR/EULAR antiphospholipid syndrome classification criteria. Ann Rheum Dis. 2023;82:1258-1270. Published simultaneously in Arthritis Rheumatol.
doi:10.1136/ard-2023-224609 ↗
Medication Safety
Hydroxychloroquine dose and eye screening - calc-hcq.html
Marmor MF, Ahn SJ, Ehlers JP, et al. Special AAO report: recommendations on screening for hydroxychloroquine retinopathy (2025 revision). Ophthalmology. 2026;133(4):439-450.
doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2025.11.001 ↗