Rheumatoid ArthritisRemission

Rheumatoid Arthritis
ACR/EULAR Boolean Remission

Checks the 2022 Boolean 2.0 definition and shows which criterion stands in the way, with the 2011 rule, the three-variable version, and SDAI and CDAI remission from the same inputs.

Original criteria
Studenic P, Aletaha D, et al. 2022 revision
Arthritis Rheumatol 2023;75(1):15-22 and Ann Rheum Dis 2023;82(1):74-80. Original definition: Felson DT, et al. Arthritis Rheum 2011;63(3):573-586.

Before you use this calculator

This page checks published remission definitions for rheumatoid arthritis. It is not a diagnostic or treatment tool. Read these limitations before relying on a result.

  • Remission criteria, not a treatment rule. They define a target state. Whether to change treatment depends on the whole clinical picture and shared decision-making with the patient.[1]
  • The patient global can reflect more than inflammation. Pain from joint damage, fatigue, or coexisting fibromyalgia can raise it even when the joints are quiet. The 2022 authors kept it because removing it worsened prediction of good function.[1]
  • Joint counts decide most results. A count of 2 tender or 2 swollen joints means no Boolean remission, whatever the other values. Examine carefully, including the feet and ankles when possible.[2]
Show the other 5 limitations (8 in total)
  • Derived from trial data. The 2022 validation used four randomized trials of biologic drugs. Performance in other settings, drugs, and populations is less well studied, as the authors note.[1]
  • Three-variable version. The 2011 committee approved a Boolean definition without CRP for practice. The 2022 paper reports its agreement with CDAI at a patient global threshold of 2, but the endorsed 2022 revision is described for the four-variable definition. We show the three-variable result as a practice aid.[1]
  • SDAI and CDAI need 28-joint counts. They are sums of 28-joint counts, so we only compute them when you choose the 28-joint count.[1]
  • Visual analog scales. If the patient global was recorded on a 100 mm line, 20 mm corresponds to the 2 cm threshold. Choose mm and enter the raw value.[1]
  • Single visit. Each result describes one visit. Sustained remission needs repeated assessments over time; the criteria do not define a duration.

Sources: 2022 revision (reference 1); 2011 definition (reference 2). Interpretations made by AutoimmuneCalc carry no reference number.

How to use it. Enter the four core measures from one visit. Results update as you type. The evaluator global is optional and is only needed for the SDAI and CDAI checks.

Joint count used
Core measures0 of 4 entered
Number of tender joints. Threshold: 1 or less.
Number of swollen joints. Threshold: 1 or less.
Patient rating of arthritis today, 0 to 10 (best to worst). Threshold: 2 or less (Boolean 2.0).
Threshold: 1 mg/dL or less, which equals 10 mg/L or less.
Optional: for SDAI and CDAInot entered
Clinician rating of disease activity, 0 to 10.

About Boolean remission

ACR and EULAR first published joint remission definitions for rheumatoid arthritis in 2011. There were two kinds: a Boolean definition, in which each core measure must be 1 or less at the same visit, and an index-based definition using the SDAI. Versions without CRP were also approved: a three-variable Boolean definition and the CDAI.[2]

The patient global threshold of 1 was criticized as too strict, because some patients without tender or swollen joints and with a normal CRP could not reach it. The 2022 revision raised that threshold to 2 on a 0 to 10 scale (Boolean 2.0). In data from 2048 trial participants, this increased remission rates, improved agreement with SDAI and CDAI remission, and kept similar prediction of good physical function and radiographic non-progression. ACR and EULAR endorsed the revised Boolean definition and the SDAI and CDAI definitions.[1]

How the criteria work

DefinitionRule (all at the same visit)
Boolean 2.0 (2022)Tender joints 1 or less, swollen joints 1 or less, CRP 1 mg/dL or less, patient global 2 or less (0 to 10).[1]
Boolean 1.0 (2011)As above, with patient global 1 or less.[2]
Three-variable BooleanTender joints, swollen joints, and patient global only, without CRP. Shown here with the patient global threshold of 2.[1]
SDAI remissionTender joints (28) plus swollen joints (28) plus patient global plus evaluator global (both 0 to 10) plus CRP (mg/dL), 3.3 or less.[1]
CDAI remissionThe same sum without CRP, 2.8 or less.[1]

The patient global question asks patients how their arthritis is doing today, considering all the ways it affects them, with answers anchored from no symptoms to severe symptoms.[2] On a 100 mm visual analog scale, the 2 cm threshold is 20 mm.[1]

Worked example. A patient has 0 tender joints, 1 swollen joint, CRP 6 mg/L (0.6 mg/dL), and a patient global of 1.8. Every Boolean 2.0 criterion is met, so the patient is in Boolean 2.0 remission. Under the 2011 rule the patient global of 1.8 is above 1, so Boolean 1.0 is not met. With an evaluator global of 0.5, the SDAI is 0 + 1 + 1.8 + 0.5 + 0.6 = 3.9, above 3.3, so SDAI remission is not met. The CDAI is 3.3, above 2.8, so CDAI remission is not met either.

Common pitfalls

Entering CRP in the wrong unit. The threshold is 1 mg/dL, which is 10 mg/L. Entering a mg/L value as mg/dL makes almost every patient fail the CRP criterion.
Treating DAS28 below 2.6 as remission. DAS28 remission was not endorsed as an ACR/EULAR remission definition and can coexist with several swollen joints.
Skipping the feet. A 28-joint count leaves out the ankles and feet, where active synovitis is often found in patients who otherwise look in remission.[2]
Using the 2011 threshold by habit. Since the 2022 revision the patient global threshold is 2, not 1. Note which version you report, especially when comparing with older data.

Frequently asked questions

What is ACR/EULAR Boolean remission in rheumatoid arthritis?

It is a remission definition in which every core measure must be at or below a set threshold at the same visit: tender joint count 1 or less, swollen joint count 1 or less, C-reactive protein 1 mg/dL or less, and patient global assessment at or below its threshold. If any one is above its threshold, the patient is not in Boolean remission.

What changed in the 2022 revision (Boolean 2.0)?

The patient global assessment threshold was raised from 1 to 2 on a 0 to 10 scale. The other three thresholds did not change. ACR and EULAR endorsed the revised Boolean definition and the index-based SDAI and CDAI definitions.

Why was the patient global threshold raised?

Some patients without tender or swollen joints and with a normal CRP could not reach a patient global of 1 or less, and agreement between Boolean and index-based remission was only moderate. In the validation data, a threshold of 2 improved agreement with SDAI and CDAI remission while keeping similar prediction of good function and no radiographic progression.

Is CRP 1 mg/dL the same as 10 mg/L?

Yes. The criteria use mg/dL. Many laboratories report CRP in mg/L, so a result of 10 mg/L equals 1 mg/dL. This calculator lets you enter either unit.

Can I use Boolean remission without a CRP result?

The 2011 ACR/EULAR committee also approved a three-variable Boolean definition without CRP for clinical practice, and the 2022 paper reported its agreement with CDAI remission using the patient global threshold of 2. This calculator shows that version separately. The CDAI is the matching index-based definition without CRP.

Should I count 28 joints or include the feet?

The 2011 paper notes that a 28-joint count can miss active joints, especially in the feet and ankles, and that including them is preferable when judging remission. SDAI and CDAI are defined with 28-joint counts, so this calculator only computes them when you choose the 28-joint count.

Is DAS28 remission the same as Boolean remission?

No. DAS28 below 2.6 was not endorsed as a remission definition by ACR and EULAR and can be met with residual swollen joints. Use Boolean, SDAI, or CDAI remission when remission is the target.

How was this calculator checked?

The thresholds come from the full text of the 2022 revision and the 2011 paper. The logic was tested against hand-calculated cases at every threshold boundary and against an independent implementation on random inputs. The page was reviewed by Mahiar Rabie, MS, MD.

References

  1. 1Studenic P, Aletaha D, de Wit M, Stamm TA, Alasti F, Lacaille D, Smolen JS, Felson DT. American College of Rheumatology/EULAR remission criteria for rheumatoid arthritis: 2022 revision. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2023;75(1):15-22. doi:10.1002/art.42347. Published simultaneously in Ann Rheum Dis. 2023;82(1):74-80 (open access). Source of the Boolean 2.0 threshold, the definitions section, and the SDAI and CDAI remission cut-offs.
  2. 2Felson DT, Smolen JS, Wells G, et al. American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism provisional definition of remission in rheumatoid arthritis for clinical trials. Arthritis Rheum. 2011;63(3):573-586. doi:10.1002/art.30129. Also published in Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70:404-413. Source of the original Boolean definition (Table 5), the joint count note, and the patient global wording.

Related calculators

Source and credit. The remission definitions were developed by the joint ACR/EULAR committee, with the original definition by Felson, Smolen, and colleagues and the 2022 revision by Studenic, Aletaha, and colleagues. Credit belongs to the original authors. This page is an independent educational implementation and is not endorsed by ACR, EULAR, or the authors.
For clinical decision support only. This calculator does not replace clinical judgment or specialist evaluation, and it does not give treatment advice. See the medical disclaimer and editorial policy.

Page history. October 19, 2026: page published.

ACR/EULAR Boolean 2.0 remission
--
Enter all four measures
Tender and swollen joints 1 or less, CRP 1 mg/dL or less, patient global 2 or less (2022 revision).
Each Boolean 2.0 criterion
Tender joints 1 or lessnot entered--
Swollen joints 1 or lessnot entered--
CRP 1 mg/dL or lessnot entered--
Patient global 2 or lessnot entered--
Other ACR/EULAR remission definitions
Three-variable Boolean (no CRP)Joints 1 or less, patient global 2 or less--
Boolean 1.0 (2011)Patient global 1 or less--
SDAI remissionneeds evaluator global--
CDAI remissionneeds evaluator global--
Reviewed by Mahiar Rabie, MS, MD · AutoimmuneCalc · Last reviewed October 19, 2026